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Aviation Industry in France: Comprehensive Analysis of Europe’s Aerospace Powerhouse
France stands as a global aviation powerhouse, commanding the second-largest aerospace sector worldwide after the United States.
The country’s aviation industry surpassed pre-COVID levels in 2024 with sales reaching €77.7 billion, representing a remarkable 10% increase from 2023 according to GIFAS, the French Aerospace Industries Association.
This resurgence demonstrates the sector’s resilience and strategic importance to France’s economy, contributing significantly to the nation’s trade balance and employing over 230,000 professionals across 485 member companies.
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Table of Contents
French Aerospace Manufacturing Excellence
Airbus: The Crown Jewel of French Aviation
France hosts Airbus headquarters in Toulouse, employing over 50,000 talented professionals, making it one of the largest aerospace employers in the country.
The company’s Toulouse facility serves as the primary final assembly line for multiple aircraft families, including the A320, A330, A350, and A380. Airbus delivered 793 aircraft in 2025, surpassing its revised annual target of 790 aircraft despite supply chain challenges that initially threatened production goals.
The manufacturer faced significant hurdles in 2025 when quality issues with A320 family fuselage panels affected over 600 aircraft.
However, the company demonstrated operational agility by ramping up deliveries in the final months. Through November 2025, Air France received its 50th Airbus A220 and 40th Airbus A350, continuing its ambitious fleet renewal program.
Dassault Aviation: Military Excellence
Dassault Aviation completed production of the 300th Rafale fighter jet in October 2025, marking a significant milestone for France’s defense aerospace sector.
The Saint-Cloud-based manufacturer maintains a robust production schedule with 533 firm orders from France, India, Indonesia, and Serbia. Current annual Rafale production stands at approximately 24 aircraft, with plans to gradually increase to four aircraft per month.
Dassault expects to deliver 25 Rafales in 2025, including 13 for the French Air Force.
The company’s 2025 guidance targets net sales of approximately €6.5 billion, encompassing deliveries of 40 Falcon business jets alongside the 25 Rafale fighters. France confirmed plans to order 61 additional Rafale jets worth €6 billion, bringing the total fleet to 286 aircraft by 2026.
Image source: wikipedia.org
Safran: Propulsion and Equipment Leader
Safran represents France’s premier aerospace propulsion and equipment manufacturer, with significant operations throughout the country.
The company signed contracts in January 2026 to develop the Eurofl’Eye distributed panoramic vision system for NH90 helicopters. Safran collaborates extensively with international partners, including joint ventures for engine production and advanced defense systems.
The company plays a critical role in the Future Combat Air System program, developing next-generation fighter engines alongside Dassault Aviation and Airbus.
Airbus Helicopters: Rotorcraft Innovation
Airbus Helicopters maintains its headquarters in Marignane, France, where it produces all composite helicopter blades and hub structures.
The company delivered the first H160 helicopter to the French Gendarmerie Nationale in December 2025, marking an important milestone for France’s law enforcement aviation capabilities. Airbus plans to expand the H160 final assembly line with a production target of 60 aircraft per year.
The militarized H160M Guépard variant began flight testing in July 2025, with France planning to acquire 169 units for the Army, Navy, and Air and Space Force.
French Aerospace Manufacturing Output 2025
Total Sector Sales: €77.7 billion
Production Growth: +10% year-over-year
Aircraft Deliveries: 793 (Airbus)
Fighter Jet Production: 300+ Rafales
Helicopter Production: Expanding to 60 H160s annually
Aviation Companies’ Importance in France
Major Industrial Players
The French aerospace sector comprises 485 active companies, including 76 innovative start-ups.
This diverse ecosystem ranges from global corporations to specialized small and medium-sized enterprises. The sector’s expansion reflects robust demand for aerospace products and services worldwide.
Company Category | Number of Companies | Primary Activities |
|---|---|---|
Large Manufacturers | 15-20 | Aircraft, engines, systems |
Tier 1 Suppliers | 100+ | Major components, assemblies |
SMEs | 300+ | Specialized parts, services |
Start-ups | 76 | Innovation, new technologies |
Economic Impact and Trade Balance
France exports approximately $40.31 billion in aircraft and spacecraft annually, ranking as the world’s second-largest aerospace exporter with 22% of global market share.
The aerospace sector represents France’s primary export asset, generating substantial positive trade balance contributions. In the third quarter of 2025, French exports increased 2.2% compared to the previous quarter, with aerospace products driving this growth.
Airbus’s French operations generated €18.8 billion in purchases from 3,500 subcontracting companies in 2024.
This extensive supply chain creates multiplicative economic effects throughout French regions. The aerospace industry contributes significantly to employment, innovation, and technological advancement across the national economy.
Regional Aerospace Clusters
France’s Aerospace Valley, centered around Toulouse, marks its 20th anniversary in 2025.
This cluster represents one of Europe’s largest industry concentrations, focusing on attracting private financing for green aviation initiatives. The region hosts Airbus headquarters, numerous suppliers, research facilities, and educational institutions.
Additional aerospace clusters exist throughout France, including:
Atlantic France specializes in aeronautics innovation and composite materials manufacturing. Northern France focuses on maintenance, repair, and overhaul operations alongside component production. The Paris region concentrates on defense aerospace, avionics, and space systems.
Major Airlines in France
Air France-KLM Group: European Giant
The Air France-KLM Group operates as one of Europe’s largest airline conglomerates, serving 320 destinations across 90 countries in 2024.
During the winter 2025-2026 season, Air France operates nearly 800 daily flights to close to 170 destinations worldwide. The airline achieved a 3% capacity increase in Available Seat Kilometers for long-haul routes compared to the previous winter season.
Air France announced plans to connect Paris-Charles de Gaulle to Las Vegas starting April 15, 2026, marking the first new destination announcement for its expanding network.
The carrier maintains an aggressive fleet renewal program, with 38 Airbus A350s joining the long-haul fleet and 60 Airbus A220s replacing older A318 and A319 aircraft by 2025.
Air France Winter 2025-2026 Operations
Daily Flights: Nearly 800
Destinations: 170 worldwide
Countries Served: 73
Long-haul Capacity Growth: +3%
New Route: Paris CDG to Las Vegas
Fleet Additions: A350s and A220s
Strategic Partnerships and Expansion
In a significant consolidation move, Air France-KLM increased its stake in Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) to 60.5% in July 2025.
This acquisition strengthens the group’s position in Northern Europe and provides enhanced connectivity for transatlantic operations. The partnership enables code-sharing on SAS-operated non-stop transatlantic flights, announced in September 2025.
Air France-KLM became the first airline group to help develop new EU flight emissions labeling in July 2025.
This initiative demonstrates the group’s commitment to transparency regarding environmental performance. The company signed contracts with TotalEnergies for supplying up to 1.5 million tonnes of Sustainable Aviation Fuel through 2035.
Transavia France: Low-Cost Success
Transavia France, the Air France-KLM Group’s low-cost subsidiary, operates an extensive European network exceeding 150 routes.
The carrier opened bookings for its summer 2026 season in September 2025, demonstrating confidence in continued demand recovery. Transavia launched its winter 2025/2026 schedule with three new international destinations from Bordeaux in April 2025.
Transavia France earned recognition as the fourth-best low-cost airline in Europe for 2025 according to Skytrax rankings.
The carrier focuses particularly on business travelers, with plans to expand its domestic network from Paris Orly in 2026. Transavia maintains a fleet primarily composed of Boeing 737 and Airbus A321 aircraft.
Airline | Parent Company | Network Type | Destinations | Fleet Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Air France | Air France-KLM | Full service | 170+ | A220, A350, A380 |
Transavia France | Air France-KLM | Low-cost | 150+ | B737, A321 |
French Bee | Independent | Long-haul low-cost | Leisure | A350 |
Airport Infrastructure Performance
Paris Aéroport, comprising Charles de Gaulle and Orly airports, handled significant passenger traffic throughout 2025.
In November 2025, Paris Aéroport recorded 7.8 million passengers, representing a 3.9% increase compared to the previous year. For the first eleven months of 2025, the airports processed over 100 million passengers cumulatively.
Charles de Gaulle Airport maintains its position as the busiest airport within the European Union.
The facility handled significant cargo volumes, processing 1,914,681 tonnes in 2024, making it Europe’s second-busiest cargo airport after Frankfurt. In January 2026, France’s civil aviation authority requested airlines to cancel 15% of flights at Paris main airports due to severe weather conditions, demonstrating the challenges of maintaining operations during adverse conditions.
Aviation Jobs in France
Employment Growth and Hiring Trends
The French aerospace sector demonstrated remarkable employment expansion in 2024, with a 5.4% workforce increase representing 12,000 net job creations.
The industry expects 25,000 hires in 2025, including 6,000 internships and apprenticeships, reflecting sustained growth momentum. This hiring surge addresses production ramp-up requirements and technological innovation demands.
Air France alone plans to recruit more than 2,000 people in 2025 through permanent positions and apprenticeships across all professions.
The carrier focuses on cabin crew, pilots, maintenance technicians, and ground operations personnel. This recruitment drive supports fleet expansion and route network growth.
French Aerospace Employment Statistics 2025
Total Workforce: 230,000+ professionals
Workforce Growth: +5.4% (12,000 net jobs)
Expected Hires: 25,000 positions
Apprenticeships: 6,000 opportunities
Air France Recruitment: 2,000+ positions
Technology Professionals: 47,000 (28% of workforce)
Professional Categories and Opportunities
According to GIFAS data, France’s aerospace workforce expanded significantly, with the sector employing approximately 47,000 technology professionals representing 28% of the industry’s total workforce.
The aerospace and defense sector experiences unprecedented technology workforce expansion, with 4.6% annual growth projected through 2030. French aerospace companies achieve approximately 70-75% redeployment success rates for displaced workers, according to OECD workforce transition data.
Major job categories include:
Engineering positions encompass aerospace, mechanical, electrical, and software disciplines.
Production roles involve assembly technicians, quality inspectors, and manufacturing specialists.
Maintenance careers include aircraft mechanics, avionics technicians, and certification inspectors.
Commercial positions span sales, customer support, and program management.
Air France-KLM announced plans to expand its maintenance workforce by 1,000 people in November 2025.
This expansion supports increasing aircraft maintenance requirements as the fleet grows and ages. The maintenance division, Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance, employs over 12,800 professionals across multiple facilities.
Geographic Distribution of Jobs
Aerospace employment concentrates heavily in specific French regions.
Toulouse and surrounding Occitanie region employ the largest concentration, exceeding 100,000 aerospace workers. The Paris region hosts approximately 60,000 aerospace professionals in defense, space, and airline operations.
Atlantic France regions, including Pays de la Loire and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, employ roughly 30,000 in composite manufacturing and assembly operations.
Northern France (Hauts-de-France) maintains a workforce of approximately 20,000 focusing on maintenance, repair, and component manufacturing.
Aviation Schools in France
ENAC: World-Class Aviation Education
École Nationale de l’Aviation Civile (ENAC) stands as France’s premier civil aviation university, recognized globally for excellence in pilot training and aerospace engineering education.
The institution operates campuses in Toulouse, Montpellier, and other locations throughout France. ENAC trains student airline pilots, professional pilots, air traffic controllers, and aerospace engineers through comprehensive programs.
The school announced that applications for the 2026 intake are now open through the TSAAE platform.
ENAC collaborates with ISAE-SUPAERO to form the Toulouse School of Aviation and Aerospace Engineering, offering world-class programs combining theoretical knowledge with practical training. The partnership provides students access to cutting-edge simulation facilities, research laboratories, and industry connections.
Image source: enac.fr
Pilot Training Programs
Air France selected ENAC to recruit and train its cadet pilots, relaunching its all-in pilot training program after several years.
This partnership provides aspiring pilots with direct pathways to airline careers, covering training from zero experience through airline transport pilot license qualification. The program typically spans 18-24 months, combining ground school, flight training, and type rating courses.
French flight schools expanded training capacity in 2025, with Mermoz Academy announcing plans to expand its fleet with five new aircraft and two simulators.
This expansion addresses increasing demand for pilot training driven by airline hiring requirements. ENAC signed contracts for 30 Elixir aircraft to modernize its training fleet, replacing older equipment with more efficient, cost-effective platforms.
Aerospace Engineering Education
ISAE-SUPAERO maintains its position as the world leader in aerospace engineering higher education.
The institution offers Advanced Master programs in specialized fields including Helicopter, Aircraft, and Drone Architecture (HADA) and Experimental Flight Test Engineering (IEVEX). These programs attract international students seeking expertise in advanced aerospace technologies.
IPSA (Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées) earned recognition as the most sought-after engineering school in aeronautics for 2025 according to L’Étudiant rankings.
Located in Paris and Toulouse, IPSA delivers Master’s degrees in Aeronautical Engineering open to international students. The school emphasizes hands-on projects, industry partnerships, and research opportunities.
Institution | Location | Primary Focus | International Programs |
|---|---|---|---|
ENAC | Toulouse, Montpellier | Pilot training, ATC, engineering | Yes |
ISAE-SUPAERO | Toulouse | Aerospace engineering | Advanced Masters |
IPSA | Paris, Toulouse | Aeronautical engineering | Bachelor’s, Master’s |
Aéropyrénées | Pyrénées region | Professional pilot training | Airline pathway |
Training Costs and Accessibility
Pilot training costs in France vary significantly depending on program type and institution.
State-funded programs through ENAC provide highly competitive training at reduced costs for selected candidates. Private flight schools charge approximately €70,000 to €150,000 for complete integrated airline transport pilot license training. Modular training approaches offer more flexible but often longer pathways to professional qualifications.
Engineering education costs range from minimal fees at public institutions to approximately €8,000-€15,000 annually at specialized schools.
French aerospace engineering programs generally cost less than comparable programs in the United States or United Kingdom. International students benefit from France’s relatively affordable education system while gaining access to world-class aerospace education.
Aviation Courses in France
Professional Development and Specialized Training
French institutions offer extensive continuing education and specialized courses for aviation professionals.
Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance provides technical training for mechanics, engineers, and certification specialists. These courses cover aircraft systems, powerplant maintenance, avionics troubleshooting, and regulatory compliance. The company trains over 1,000 external students annually alongside internal staff development.
ENAC offers specialized short courses in:
Air traffic management systems and procedures. Aviation safety management systems implementation. Airport operations and ground handling. Aviation law and regulatory compliance. Unmanned aircraft systems operations and integration.
Digital and Emerging Technology Programs
French aviation education increasingly emphasizes digital transformation and emerging technologies.
Programs cover artificial intelligence applications in aviation, sustainable aviation technologies, urban air mobility concepts, and advanced materials manufacturing. The IPSA aerospace summer school program provides intensive courses in Paris covering contemporary aerospace topics.
ISAE-SUPAERO delivers courses on space systems, satellite technology, and launch vehicle design.
These programs attract international participants seeking expertise in France’s strong space sector. The institution collaborates with CNES (French Space Agency) and commercial space companies for practical training opportunities.
Environmental Sustainability Initiatives
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Development
France positions itself as a leader in sustainable aviation fuel production and adoption.
Air France-KLM signed a strategic contract with TotalEnergies for supplying up to 1.5 million tonnes of SAF through 2035, representing one of the industry’s largest commitments. The Paris Air Show 2025 featured major announcements regarding SAF development, partnerships, and production scaling.
TotalEnergies operates as a pioneer in sustainable aviation fuel production, distributing SAF throughout its network.
The company aims to achieve autonomy in sustainable aviation fuels, incorporating both biofuels derived from waste materials and synthetic fuels produced from renewable hydrogen and captured CO2.
France’s government supports SAF emergence through favorable regulations while limiting increases in airline ticket solidarity tax.
French SAF Commitments and Targets
Air France-KLM SAF Contract: 1.5 million tonnes through 2035
SAF Contribution to Decarbonization: 50% of total goal
Production Focus: Biofuels and synthetic e-fuels
Government Support: CORAC funding at €300M annually
Regulatory Framework: EU mandates with French implementation
Decarbonization Strategy and Timeline
The French aerospace sector commits to significant decarbonization targets aligned with international aviation goals.
GIFAS emphasizes that SAF will contribute 50% to aviation’s environmental transition, with fleet renewal and operational improvements providing additional reductions. The industry requests government support through maintaining CORAC (Civil Aviation Research Council) funding at €300 million annually through 2027.
Airbus and Air France completed an inaugural SAF A220 ferry flight in August 2025, demonstrating practical implementation of sustainable fuels.
The flight used 100% SAF in one engine, validating technical feasibility. Both companies emphasize that combining fleet renewal with SAF represents the fastest path to emissions reduction.
Regulatory Environment and Support Mechanisms
European Union regulations, particularly ReFuelEU Aviation mandates, drive SAF adoption across France.
These regulations require increasing percentages of SAF blending in jet fuel, starting at 2% in 2025 and rising progressively. French authorities implement these mandates while seeking to limit the airline ticket solidarity tax increase, balancing environmental objectives with industry competitiveness concerns.
The European Investment Bank provides debt and quasi-equity financing at conditions linked to environmental performance.
This financial support mechanism helps aerospace companies invest in decarbonization technologies, production facilities, and research programs. France’s commitment to the Research Tax Credit, representing €700 million annually for aerospace, supports innovation in sustainable technologies.
Industry Challenges and Strategic Outlook
Production Ramp-up and Supply Chain Pressures
The French aerospace sector faces unprecedented challenges balancing strong demand against supply chain constraints.
Airbus encountered significant difficulties in 2025 when quality issues affected A320 fuselage panels, impacting over 600 aircraft. The company initially targeted 920 deliveries but revised this to 790 aircraft due to supplier problems. These challenges highlight the complexity of coordinating thousands of suppliers across multiple countries.
GIFAS President Guillaume Faury emphasizes that reconciling production ramp-up, quality maintenance, and sector decarbonization remains a major challenge.
The industry federation now counts 485 active members, including significant SME participation that requires support navigating these pressures. French aerospace companies achieve strong redeployment success rates for workers but face ongoing skilled labor shortages in critical specialties.
Geopolitical and Defense Considerations
France’s aerospace sector operates within complex geopolitical dynamics affecting both commercial and defense operations.
The Future Combat Air System program faces tensions between French Dassault Aviation and the German Airbus unit, threatening development timelines. Relations between the partners reportedly became “very strained” over work-share arrangements and intellectual property concerns.
France confirmed the purchase of two new Saab GlobalEye AEW&C aircraft from Sweden to replace its E-3F Sentry fleet.
This decision demonstrates France’s commitment to maintaining sophisticated airborne early warning capabilities. The country also moves forward with plans to build a new aircraft carrier exceeding €10 billion, aimed at replacing Charles de Gaulle.
Regulatory and Tax Burden Concerns
The French aerospace industry expresses serious concerns about the tax burden threatening competitiveness.
GIFAS issued six key recommendations for 2025, including requests to stabilize taxes and contributions weighing on companies, from major corporations to SMEs. The industry emphasizes that maintaining the Research Tax Credit is vital, representing €700 million annually for aerospace research and development.
The sector requests loosening the regulatory stranglehold to unleash innovation and competitiveness potential.
French aerospace companies face more restrictive regulations than competitors in some jurisdictions, potentially disadvantaging them in global markets. Industry representatives advocate for regulations that support environmental objectives without unnecessarily hampering operational flexibility or innovation capacity.
Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul Sector
Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance Leadership
Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance operates as France’s leading MRO provider based on aircraft serviced during the first five months of 2025.
The division employs over 12,800 professionals across multiple facilities, providing comprehensive maintenance, repair, and overhaul services. The company serves not only Air France-KLM Group aircraft but also numerous third-party airline customers worldwide.
The organization announced plans to expand its maintenance workforce by 1,000 people to support growing demand.
This expansion addresses increasing aircraft maintenance requirements as global fleets grow and aging aircraft require more intensive servicing. AFI KLM E&M inducted the first Trent XWB-84 engine for maintenance at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport during the Paris Air Show 2025.
International MRO Partnerships
AAR and Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance completed formation of their Xcelle Asia joint venture in December 2025.
This partnership expands MRO capabilities in the Asia-Pacific region, responding to rapid aviation growth in that market. The joint venture provides comprehensive maintenance services for narrowbody and widebody aircraft, leveraging both partners’ expertise.
Asia Digital Engineering sealed a historic agreement with Air France for Airbus A330 fleet maintenance in September 2025.
Under this arrangement, ADE commenced heavy maintenance checks on Air France’s Airbus A330-200 aircraft, demonstrating the airline’s global approach to maintenance sourcing. This partnership optimizes maintenance costs while maintaining quality standards.
MRO Technology and Innovation
French MRO providers increasingly adopt advanced technologies including artificial intelligence, predictive maintenance analytics, and digital twin systems.
The MRO Europe 2025 conference focused on AI innovation in aircraft maintenance, with French companies participating prominently. These technologies reduce aircraft downtime, optimize spare parts inventory, and improve maintenance planning efficiency.
Air France Industries integrates sustainability considerations into MRO operations, including eco-friendly materials, waste reduction programs, and energy-efficient processes.
The division works toward circular economy principles, refurbishing and reusing components wherever possible. These initiatives align with broader aerospace sector sustainability commitments while potentially reducing operational costs.
Research, Development, and Innovation
Government Support for Innovation
The French government provides substantial support for aerospace research and development through multiple mechanisms.
GIFAS requests maintaining CORAC funding at €300 million annually through 2027 to support collaborative low-carbon projects developing next-generation aircraft. This funding mechanism proves vital for de-risking innovative technologies before commercial deployment.
The Research Tax Credit represents €700 million annually for the aerospace industry, supporting broad innovation across companies of all sizes.
This mechanism allows companies to partially offset research expenses against tax obligations, incentivizing continued investment in innovation. The industry emphasizes that maintaining this credit is vital for sustaining French competitiveness against international competitors.
Collaborative Research Programs
French aerospace companies collaborate extensively on joint research programs addressing industry-wide challenges.
The Aero Excellence International Association was created to accelerate industrial maturity and supply chain ramp-up, with specific governance structures established starting from 2025. This initiative validates best practices and deploys them across international supply networks.
Airbus Helicopters France adopted Airborne’s composite automation technologies to boost productivity and efficiency at its Le Bourget factory.
This facility produces all composite helicopter blades and hub structures for Airbus helicopter models. The automation implementation demonstrates France’s commitment to maintaining manufacturing competitiveness through technological advancement.
Space Sector Integration
France’s aerospace sector maintains strong connections with the space industry through CNES (French Space Agency) and commercial space companies.
These linkages create synergies in materials science, propulsion technologies, and systems engineering. French educational institutions prepare students for careers spanning atmospheric and space applications, recognizing the increasing convergence of these domains.
The country participates actively in European Space Agency programs, contributing to launcher development, satellite systems, and space exploration initiatives.
French companies supply critical components for Ariane rockets, telecommunications satellites, and scientific spacecraft. This space sector expertise complements traditional aerospace capabilities, creating a comprehensive national competency base.
My Final Thoughts
France’s aviation industry demonstrates remarkable resilience and adaptability while maintaining its position as a global aerospace powerhouse.
The sector’s recovery to exceed pre-pandemic sales levels by achieving €77.7 billion in 2024 validates decades of strategic investment in industrial capabilities, workforce development, and technological innovation.
With over 10 years of orders in hand and 485 member companies including 76 dynamic start-ups, the French aerospace ecosystem shows both maturity and entrepreneurial vitality.
However, the industry faces genuine challenges requiring sustained support and strategic attention.
Supply chain pressures affecting companies like Airbus reveal vulnerabilities in complex international production networks. The tension between ramping up production to meet strong demand while simultaneously decarbonizing operations and maintaining quality standards creates operational complexities without easy solutions.
The regulatory and tax environment concerns raised by GIFAS deserve serious consideration to prevent undermining France’s competitive position.
The commitment to sustainable aviation through major SAF contracts and technological development positions France advantageously for the industry’s environmental transition.
Partnerships between airlines, fuel producers, manufacturers, and government entities demonstrate the collaborative approach necessary for systemic change. Education and training institutions like ENAC and ISAE-SUPAERO ensure continued talent development supporting both current operations and future innovation.
France’s aerospace sector succeeds not through any single factor but through the integration of world-class manufacturers, skilled workforce, supportive infrastructure, research excellence, and strategic vision.
Maintaining this success requires continued investment in innovation, workforce development, and production capabilities while navigating geopolitical complexities and environmental imperatives.
The sector’s contribution to French sovereignty, economic strength, and technological leadership justifies the support industry leaders request from government and stakeholders.




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